Fig. 4

Scatterplot, funnel plot and leave-one-out plot of MVPA on OA causal effects. A-C Scatterplot for IVW, MR-Egger and WM analysis methods demonstrating the effect of MVPA on knee OA (A), hip OA (B), and overall OA (C); D-F Funnel plot of MVPA on knee OA (D), hip OA (E), and overall OA (F) to suggest evidence of substantial heterogeneity. Abbreviations: MVPA, moderate to vigorous intense physical activity during leisure screen time. OA, osteoarthritis. SNPs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms. MR, Mendelian randomization. IVW, inverse variance weighted. WM, weighted median