Fig. 3

Functional enrichment analysis and prognostic gene signature construction. (A) A volcano plot depicting genes related to hypoxia, glycolysis, and lactate that were differentially expressed. Downregulated genes are represented in blue, upregulated genes in red, and non-differentially expressed genes in gray. (B) GO enrichment analysis of DEGs; BP, MF, CC are shown from top to bottom. (C) KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs based on four groups: cellular processes, human diseases, metabolism, and organsimal systems. (D) Regression coefficient path plot (left) and cross-validation curve (right) of LASSO Cox regression analysis. (E– G) Risk curve, survival status, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of HCC patients under different risk groups in the training cohort (left) and test cohort (right) (***p < 0.001)